Globally, 2.8 billion people lack access to modern cooking energy—including most Rwandan households. Traditional cooking methods are inefficient, polluting, and harmful to both people and the planet. In Rwanda, they contribute to 40% of the country’s air pollution.
Worldwide, cooking with non-renewable fuelwood accounts for up to 2.3% of CO2 emissions and 58% of black carbon emissions—a powerful short-lived climate pollutant. The health impact is staggering: household air pollution from traditional cooking causes 3.8 million premature deaths each year, including over 7,000 in Rwanda alone.
According to the World Bank, air pollution is now the fourth leading cause of death globally—more deadly than malaria and HIV/AIDS combined. The cost of inaction is estimated at $2.4 trillion annually. Yet, despite charcoal being expensive and dirty, clean and affordable alternatives remain scarce.